...k. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99323-1 doi: 10.1007/978-3-211-99323-1]</ref>. For example, marine algae produce chloromethane as part of a chemic
[[File:Freedman Article 1 Equation 1.PNG|150px|center|]]
32 KB (4,314 words) - 21:35, 26 April 2022
...tored natural attenuation of inorganic contaminants in groundwater, Volume 1 Technical basis for assessment, Edited by R.G. Ford, R.T. Wilkin, and R.W.
...processes to metals and radionuclides, Technical/Regulatory Guidance AMPR-1. [[Media:ITRC-2010-A_Decision_Framework.pdf|Report pdf]]</ref>
14 KB (2,087 words) - 20:40, 27 April 2022
[[File:Krug-Article 1. Fig1 perchlorate.jpg|thumbnail|left|450px|Figure 1. Perchlorate releases and drinking water detections<ref name="ITRC2008TG" /
...perchlorate in soil and groundwater<ref>Cox, E., 2008. Final Report: Phase 1, Evaluation of alternative causes of widespread, low concentration perchlor
18 KB (2,424 words) - 02:59, 28 April 2022
...contaminated soils and groundwater: an evaluation. Engineering Geology, 60(1), 193-207. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7952(00)00101-0 doi: 10.1016/S0
...aminant removal technologies each with advantages and disadvantages (Table 1).
26 KB (3,563 words) - 02:14, 28 April 2022
[[File:Chu-Article1-Figure1.jpg|475px|thumbnail|left|Figure 1. Generic oxygenase enzyme reactions with NAD(P)H serving as reductant. Scha
...effan, R.J. and Zylstra, G.J., 2012. Biodegradation of tetrahydrofuran and 1, 4-dioxane by soluble diiron monooxygenase in Pseudonocardia sp. strain ENV
18 KB (2,328 words) - 05:07, 30 November 2021
...f><ref>Borden, R.C., 2007, Anaerobic Bioremediation of Perchlorate and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in an Emulsified Oil Barrier, Journal of Contaminant Hydrol
...oC. Figure 1 shows a typical pattern of SWQI parameters with time in the: 1) injection area; 2) near plume (25 m downgradient); 3) medium-distance plum
22 KB (3,292 words) - 02:01, 28 April 2022
...il: Pilot field tests of STAR. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(24), 1-9. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03177 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03177]
::[[File:Gerhard Equation 1.JPG|350px]]<br />
25 KB (3,776 words) - 23:45, 1 April 2024
...eatment Impact on a CVOC Plume. Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, 36(1), pp. 26-37. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/gwmr.12148/fu
[[File:Heron Combined therm Fig1.PNG|550px|thumbnail|right| Figure 1. Conceptual model of a complex site with multiple zones with different leve
9 KB (1,229 words) - 02:39, 28 April 2022
...13</sup>C. Typically occurring under natural conditions in the ratio of 99:1, the small relative differences in the ratio of <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup
...MTBE: microcosm and field evidence. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(1), 213-220. [https://doi.org/10.1021/es040420e doi: 10.1021/es040420e]</ref>
30 KB (4,077 words) - 21:52, 26 April 2022
...heat to temperatures that mobilize the contaminants for extraction (Figure 1). Typical ERH systems utilize three-phase alternating current applied to bu
[[File:Heron3w1Fig1.png|600px|thumbnail|Figure 1. Electrical Resistance Heating Schematic]]
11 KB (1,518 words) - 02:40, 28 April 2022
...hydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetreazocine (HMX)), nitrate esters (e.g. nitroglycerin (NG), pentaer
...ation of sites contaminated with energetic materials (No. ERDC/CRREL-TR-02-1) U.S. Armu Environmental Center SFIM-AEC-TC-CR-200170. [//www.enviro.wiki/i
23 KB (3,047 words) - 20:11, 27 April 2022
...ary ranges: Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, USA. Environmental Pollution, 129(1), 13-21. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.002 doi: 10.1016/j.env
...ellant charges (referred to as a “blow-in-place” [BIP] operation; Fig. 1). Propellants, explosive loads, and pyrotechnic loads or tracers all contai
31 KB (4,268 words) - 20:28, 27 April 2022
...nd transformation of energetic compounds are of interest for two reasons: (1) these chemicals are toxic and can harm humans, animals and plants, and (2)
[[File:Taylor-Article 1-T1.PNG|500 px|thumbnail]]
27 KB (3,946 words) - 20:33, 27 April 2022
...siness Media. 523 pgs. [https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3102-5 doi: 10.1007/1-4020-3102-5]</ref>
...ands. 371 pgs. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4912-5 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4912-5]</ref>
23 KB (3,215 words) - 21:58, 26 April 2022
...o the environment. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(1-3), 5-28. [https://doi.org/10.1159/000443997 doi:10.1159/000443997]</ref>
...tic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169(1), 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.137</ref><ref name="Xue2015
31 KB (4,212 words) - 21:19, 1 April 2024
...4419-7825-7. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4]</ref>
...oundtable), 2008. Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Matrix, Version 1. [http://www.frtr.gov/site http://www.frtr.gov/site]</ref>. Because of the
23 KB (3,226 words) - 02:02, 28 April 2022
...taminants| metals, metalloids]], and [[Perchlorate | perchlorate]] (Tables 1, 2).
|+Table 1. Biodegradation processes for perchlorate and common organic contaminants.
42 KB (5,517 words) - 02:47, 28 April 2022
[[File:Mackinnon-Article 2- figure 1.PNG|300px|thumbnail|right|Figure 1. Amendment addition for biobarrier.]]
*A linear treatment zone, referred to as a biobarrier (Fig. 1), treats contaminants as they flow through the biologically active zone to
23 KB (3,119 words) - 01:53, 28 April 2022
...4419-7825-7. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4]</ref><ref name="McGuire2016">McGuire, T., 2016. Development of
...concentrations before and after treatment<ref name="McGuire2016"/>. Figure 1 shows change in geometric means of parent compound (left panel) and change
14 KB (1,732 words) - 02:01, 28 April 2022
...9-1401-9. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1401-9_15 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1401-9_15]</ref>
...ies: significance of low Eh reactions. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 17(1), 63-74. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320380701741438 doi: 10.1080/15320380
28 KB (3,865 words) - 02:03, 28 April 2022
[[File:Newell-Article 1-Fig1r.JPG|thumbnail|left|400px|Figure 1. Hydraulic gradient (typically described in units of m/m or ft/ft) is the d
...ure and gravitational energy) toward areas of lower hydraulic head (Figure 1). The rate of change (slope) of the hydraulic head is known as the hydrauli
34 KB (4,751 words) - 03:24, 28 April 2022
[[File:Heron-Article 1. Figure 1.PNG|400px|thumbnail|left|Figure 1. Candidate site for ISTR application with significant NAPL source material.
...L) has migrated to significant depth and constitutes a source zone (Figure 1)<onlyinclude>.</onlyinclude>
14 KB (1,980 words) - 02:27, 28 April 2022
...approaches for injection and distribution of aqueous amendments include: (1) active injection with continuous recirculation of groundwater; (2) semi-pa
...ia. 325 pgs. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6]</ref>
15 KB (2,094 words) - 02:11, 28 April 2022
...monitoring compliance, statistical tools for the project life cycle. GSMC-1. Washington, D.C.: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Groundwater
[[File:Adamson-Article 2-Table 1.PNG|thumbnail|right|600 px|Table 1. Monitoring data required to determine long-term attenuation rate.]]
13 KB (1,736 words) - 22:01, 26 April 2022
...ine the true long-term change in contaminant concentration over time (Fig. 1).
[[File:Fig1 LTM DataVariability.jpg|thumbnail|600 px|center|Figure 1. Effect of short-term variability on evaluation of long-term contaminant at
11 KB (1,566 words) - 22:02, 26 April 2022
...from a contaminated groundwater site over an extended period of time (Fig. 1). Typically, groundwater is the medium sampled and the analyses focus on th
[[File:Fig1 LTM1 Overview.jpg|thumbnail|center|850 px|Figure 1. Example of long term monitoring (LTM) data from 52 source zone monitoring
16 KB (2,259 words) - 22:01, 26 April 2022
...blic wells contained MTBE at concentrations > 0.2 µg/L, and approximately 1% of wells contained toluene at concentrations > 0.2 µg/L.
[[File:Wilson 2 Figure 1. BTEX.PNG|thumbnail|right|600 px|Figure 1. Distribution of BTEX plume lengths from 604 hydrocarbon sites<ref name="Ne
20 KB (2,913 words) - 20:40, 27 April 2022
*[//www.enviro.wiki/images/1/1d/ITRC-2006-Technology_Overview_of_Passive_Sampler_Technologies.pdf Techno
[[File:Fig1 PassiveSampling.jpg|thumbnail|400 px|right|Figure 1. The Snap Sampler<sup>TM</sup> is an example of a passive grab sampler. The
21 KB (2,965 words) - 22:01, 26 April 2022
...ozone]] (discussed below) are the most common oxidants used in ISCO (Table 1<ref name = "Huling2006" />). However, peroxone, percarbonate, and [[wikiped
[[File:Crimi 2 Table1.JPG|thumbnail|550 px|center|Table 1. Common oxidants used in ISCO (adapted from Huling and Pivetz, 2006<ref nam
11 KB (1,488 words) - 02:03, 28 April 2022
...Sites. Technical Report TR-NAVFAC-EXWC-EV-1603. [//www.enviro.wiki/images/1/1a/DON_-_2015._A_Quantitative_Decision...Tech_Rpt_TR-NAVFAC-EXWC-EV-1603.pd
...r intrusion: Fundamentals of screening, investigation, and management. PVI-1. Washington, D.C. Petroleum Vapor Intrusion Team. [//www.enviro.wiki/images
26 KB (3,639 words) - 20:11, 28 May 2024
*[[1,4-Dioxane]]
*[[Biodegradation - 1,4-Dioxane]]
932 bytes (110 words) - 15:22, 16 October 2019
[[File:Deeb-Article 1-Figure 1.JPG|thumbnail|right|400px|Figure 1. a) Structure of a perfluoroalkyl substance, PFOS, compared with b) the str
...ntains [[wikipedia: Carbon–hydrogen bond | carbon-hydrogen bonds]] (Fig. 1).
42 KB (5,615 words) - 14:36, 3 December 2018
[[File:Truex 1 Fig1.png|thumbnail|400 px|right|Figure 1. Xanthan gum concentration influence on fluid viscosity and rheology for se
...er using shear‐thinning fluids. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, 31(1), 50-58. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01319.x doi: 10.1111/j
15 KB (2,001 words) - 02:12, 28 April 2022
...ing more and [[wikipedia:Nitroguanidine |nitroguanidine (NQ)]] and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) having little adsorption. While overall energetic m
...|2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN)]], and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) (Fig. 1). Liquid propellants, like [[Perchlorate | perchlorate]], are not discussed
29 KB (4,075 words) - 20:37, 27 April 2022
[[File:Salter-Blanc-Chemistry-Equation 1.PNG|center|180 px]]
...hnson, R.L., 2006. Nanotechnologies for environmental cleanup. Nano today, 1(2), pp. 44-48. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1748-0132(06)70048-2 doi:10.1016
17 KB (2,286 words) - 02:04, 28 April 2022
...York, NY.[https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461469216 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6922-3]</ref>
...ulatory Council Remediation Management of Complex Sites Team.[https://rmcs-1.itrcweb.org Website]</ref>
21 KB (2,909 words) - 01:32, 28 April 2022
...olvents | trichloroethene (TCE)]] and then to [[Chlorinated Solvents | cis-1,2-dichloroethene(cDCE)]] can occur at a pH as low as 5.5. However, rates o
...name= "Li2012">Li, Y.X., 2012. Adaptation of a Dechlorinating Culture, KB-1, to Acidic Environments. M.S. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, C
20 KB (2,768 words) - 02:00, 28 April 2022
...Use of the mass flux/discharge approach combines three different factors: 1) contaminant concentration in groundwater; 2) groundwater flow rate through
...on: Evaluation at two field sites. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 102(1-2), pp.140-153. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.05.008 doi: 10.1016
48 KB (7,175 words) - 01:50, 2 May 2022
*This is your recommendation to reader of the 1 or 2 best references for more info.
9 KB (1,351 words) - 21:23, 14 January 2019
...>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>) gradually acidifying the soil. Figure 1 shows soil pH in the contiguous United States.
...Soil pH]). Alkaline soils (pH>7.4) are shown in blue. Acidic soils (pH<6.1) are shown in brown.]]
33 KB (5,378 words) - 01:57, 28 April 2022
[[File:Borden3w2_Fig1.PNG|thumbnail| Figure 1. Photo-micrograph of EVO (0.7 µm median diameter). White scale bar 25 µm
...ping and also improves transport through typical aquifer materials (Figure 1). Some product vendors provide more concentrated EVO products containing o
32 KB (4,599 words) - 01:58, 28 April 2022
[[File:PFASupdate2019Fig1.png | thumbnail | left | 700 px |Figure 1. PFAS families of compounds<ref name="OECD2015">Organisation for Economic C
[[File:Deeb-Article 1-Figure 1.JPG|thumbnail|right|400 px|Figure 2. a) Structure of a perfluoroalkyl subst
36 KB (4,912 words) - 18:47, 23 May 2024
...focused on contaminants of concern to the Department of Defense, including 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), perchlorate, methyl t
1,023 bytes (126 words) - 20:36, 14 February 2019
[[File:Hatzinger1w2 Fig1.png|thumb|Figure 1. NDMA chemical structure]]
...h [[wikipedia:Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine | 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine]] (1,1-DMH or UDMH). It is also frequently reported at ng/L concentrations in wate
12 KB (1,634 words) - 02:58, 28 April 2022
...neers, Public Works Technical Bulletin 200-1-95. [//www.enviro.wiki/images/1/18/2011-ACOE-pwtb_200_1_95.pdf Report.pdf]</ref>
...ing soils from contaminated ammunition production sites. Error bars are ± 1 standard deviation. IVSP = in-vessel static pile; MAIV = mechanically agita
13 KB (1,849 words) - 20:28, 27 April 2022
|+<div style="text-align: center;"> Table 1. Observed Batch Kinetics for the Alkaline Destruction of Secondary Explosi
!Pseudo 1<sup>st</sup> Order<br />Decay Constant<br />(min<sup>-1</sup>)(10<sup>-3</sup>)
19 KB (2,643 words) - 20:27, 27 April 2022
...oethane (1,1-DCA)]], [[Wikipedia: 1,2-Dichloroethane | 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA)]], [[Wikipedia: Chloroform | chloroform]], and [[Wikipedia: Carbon t
...w to ensure the contaminant plume is intercepted for treatment (See Figure 1) so contaminant flow beneath, around, or above the treatment system does no
20 KB (2,715 words) - 02:05, 28 April 2022
<div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:0.0em 0.5em;">[[File:Edwards Article 1-figure 1.PNG|200 px|left|]]<dailyfeaturedpage> </dailyfeaturedpage><br>
...opane|Summary of anticipated, primary reaction pathways for degradation of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP). TCP is a man-made chemical that was used in the
12 KB (1,567 words) - 17:50, 10 May 2019
..., as the aquifer is remediated and contaminant concentrations drop below 0.1 mg/L, non-linear sorption has a much more pronounced impact, slowing aquife
...io of carbonaceous material. The sorption coefficient (per gram carbon) is 1-2 orders of magnitude greater for more condensed carbonaceous matter, as in
15 KB (2,236 words) - 21:45, 26 April 2022
*[[1,4-Dioxane]]
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